Subscriptions and recurring payments
Choose who owns recurring billing, implement the DEUNA subscription engine, and operate plans, charges, retries, and lifecycle changes safely.
On this page
DEUNA supports recurring payments through the DEUNA subscription engine, a merchant-owned billing system, or recurring batch uploads. Start by choosing who decides what to charge and when; that decision determines the integration and operating model.
Choose who owns billing#
The billing owner calculates each amount and decides when it is due. Payment processing executes that instruction. Choose one primary owner so two systems do not submit the same collection.
| Approach | Best fit | Billing owner | How a collection reaches DEUNA |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEUNA subscription engine | Fixed, plan-based charges that DEUNA should schedule | DEUNA, under the configured plan | The engine creates each scheduled charge |
| Merchant subscription engine | Variable amounts or existing subscription logic | Your billing system | Your backend calls the DEUNA payment API |
| Recurring batch upload | Legacy systems that prepare collection files | Your billing or legacy system | You provide an agreed batch containing suitable DEUNA vault tokens |
DEUNA subscription engine
Configure the amount, currency, frequency, renewal behavior, optional deferred first charge, and retry policy. Associate a customer and supported payment method with a plan; DEUNA then schedules the charges.
The engine and recurring-payment classification must be enabled for the required merchant and store. Processor support, token portability, network-transaction linkage, and authentication requirements can limit the connections eligible for later charges.
Merchant subscription engine
Keep your billing logic and use the DEUNA payment API for each collection. Your system remains responsible for calculating amounts, enforcing the agreement, scheduling collections, and preventing duplicates.
DEUNA can retain supported network transaction identifiers for later merchant-initiated transaction linkage. A vault token identifies stored card credentials; a network transaction identifier references transaction history. Neither replaces customer consent, and portability depends on the provider and network.
Recurring batch upload
Use this model when an existing platform prepares scheduled collections as files. Agree with DEUNA on the batch format, secure delivery, token suitability, eligible processors, and per-payment result exchange before implementation.
Batch receipt is not payment approval, and authorization is not settlement. Reconcile every item to its final payment result.
Shared recurring-payment lifecycle#
All three approaches need the same foundation: customer agreement, a reusable supported credential, an explicit billing decision, payment processing, and reconciliation.
Recurring payments, CIT, and MIT
- Recurring payment: a charge collected repeatedly under an agreement. The amount can be fixed, such as a membership, or variable, such as usage-based billing.
- Customer-initiated transaction (CIT): a payment the customer actively makes, including a first payment completed during sign-up.
- Merchant-initiated transaction (MIT): a later card payment your business initiates under the prior agreement without the customer actively participating in that payment.
Recurring describes the collection pattern; MIT describes who initiates a payment and under what authority. Saving a card alone does not authorize later charges.
For example, a customer can actively pay the first charge for a monthly membership as a CIT and authorize later renewals. A subsequent automatic renewal is an MIT. Setup can instead tokenize the card for a deferred first charge.
Consent and authentication
Retain an agreement that identifies your business and explains the amount or calculation, collection frequency or trigger, and cancellation terms. Capture and tokenize the card through a supported flow, with customer authentication where required.
Under the second Payment Services Directive (PSD2), qualifying MITs can fall outside strong customer authentication (SCA), but this is not a blanket exemption for recurring payments. Remote mandate setup requires SCA under the applicable conditions. See the EBA's MIT guidance and configure 3D Secure (3DS) where required.
Fixed and variable billing
| Scenario | Customer agreement | Billing decision |
|---|---|---|
| Fixed membership | A defined amount on a recurring schedule | The configured plan supplies the amount and billing interval |
| Variable bill | An amount calculated from disclosed usage or pricing | The merchant billing system calculates the amount before each collection |
If the amount can change, confirm which system calculates it and that the selected model supports those rules.
DEUNA subscription engine#
The DEUNA engine organizes recurring billing around plans and customer subscriptions.
Lifecycle at a glance
The applicable transitions depend on the plan, cancellation or pause policy, and account configuration. Reconcile the payment outcome before treating a pending subscription as active.
Plan reference
A plan defines the commercial and scheduling terms used by new subscriptions.
| Configuration | Purpose |
|---|---|
| Name, description, and group | Identify and organize the offering |
| Plan code | Map the plan to the identifier in your system |
| Amount and currency | Define the fixed charge for each billing cycle |
| Billing interval | Select how frequently DEUNA schedules a charge |
| Auto-renewal | Determine whether the subscription renews after its term |
| Deferred start | Schedule the first charge for a later date |
| Status | Determine whether the plan is available for new subscriptions |
Supported billing intervals are DAILY, WEEKLY, BIWEEKLY, THIRTY_DAYS, SIXTY_DAYS, NINETY_DAYS, MONTHLY, BIMESTRIAL, QUARTERLY, ANNUAL, BIENNIAL, TRIANNUAL, and BIANNUAL.
Subscription reference
A subscription connects a customer to a plan and records its lifecycle, payment method, billing dates, and processed transactions.
| State | Meaning |
|---|---|
pending | Created, but its activation or first applicable charge has not completed |
active | Activated after the required payment completed successfully |
paused | Future scheduled charges are suspended until the subscription is resumed |
canceled | Cancellation has taken effect under the selected policy |
expired or ended | The configured term has completed |
Deferred first charge
A plan can schedule the first charge instead of charging immediately. Choose one supported mode:
- Specific day of the month: charge on the configured calendar day. For example, a subscription created on October 3 with day 10 selected first charges on October 10.
- Number of days after acquisition: charge after the configured delay. For example, a subscription created on October 5 with a seven-day delay first charges on October 12.
The card is tokenized when the subscription is created even though billing starts later. The deferred-start rule applies to subscriptions created from that plan.
Retry policy
Configure retry behavior from the Subscription configuration tab in the Admin:
- maximum number of attempts;
- retry interval and its unit—minutes, hours, or days;
- linear or exponential backoff; and
- transition to
pausedorcanceledafter the configured attempts are exhausted.
The preview in the Admin shows the calculated attempt schedule before you save. Coordinate recovery ownership with any merchant-side retry process so the same invoice is not collected twice.
Use the Subscriptions API#
Use private-key backend authentication for subscription operations. The API manages plans, customer subscriptions, stored-card changes, lifecycle actions, and history.
| Task | Endpoint |
|---|---|
| Create or list plans | Create a plan · List plans |
| Retrieve or update a plan | Get a plan · Update a plan |
| Create or list subscriptions | Create a subscription · List subscriptions |
| Retrieve or update a subscription | Get a subscription · Update a subscription |
| Replace the stored card | Update subscription card |
| Pause or resume collection | Pause · Resume |
| Cancel a subscription | Cancel |
| Review lifecycle events | Get subscription history |
Operate in the Admin#
Open Subscriptions in the DEUNA Admin. The user needs access to the Subscriptions module; creating a plan also requires the Create plan permission.
Create a plan
- Open Subscriptions and select the Plans tab.
- Select Create plan.
- Enter the plan name, code, description, group, amount, currency, frequency, and renewal behavior.
- Configure a deferred start if the first charge should occur later.
- Review the settings and select Save plan.
Confirm that the saved plan is active and appears in the Plans list before assigning new subscriptions.
View subscriptions and transactions
- Open the Subscriptions tab.
- Filter by customer email, creation date, plan, or status.
- Open a subscription to review customer details, the associated plan, billing dates, amount, payment method, transactions, and lifecycle history.
Use transaction results—not the presence of a subscription row alone—to reconcile whether a charge succeeded.
Pause, resume, or cancel
Open the subscription, select Actions, and choose the required operation.
| Policy | Effect |
|---|---|
| Immediately | Apply the pause or cancellation now |
| End of billing period | Keep the subscription active through the current period, then apply the change |
| Specific date | Schedule the change for the selected future date |
Add a reason when available to preserve operating context. A paused subscription can be resumed from the same Actions menu. After any action, verify the resulting status and effective date in the subscription details.
Recover failed collections safely#
First distinguish an unresolved result from a confirmed failure. Never start a new collection while the original payment may still complete.
- Required customer authentication must return the customer to the supported flow; unattended retries cannot replace it.
- Provider fallback requires an eligible connection and a credential that can be used on that route.
- A later retry must comply with the customer agreement, processor rules, and configured retry policy.
- For communication failures, reconcile the original payment and follow the documented technical-retry rules.
Use DEUNA card capture and Payment Vault to tokenize credentials and keep raw card data out of merchant systems. Outsourcing card capture does not remove merchant compliance responsibilities.
Validate before rollout#
For asynchronous outcomes, use webhooks and retrieve the original resource before updating your records.